In the News
April 23, 2018
By Stanford University
Although considered critical to avoiding catastrophic global warming, the feasibility of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it underground -- known as negative emissions -- has been in question.
"There's really no scenario that meets the world's climate goals without negative emissions," said Katharine Mach, a senior research scientist at Stanford's School of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences. "But most technologies for carbon removal are immature, largely unavailable or expensive."
But researchers at Stanford and other institutions have found new hope for cost-effective carbon capture and sequestration (CCS). Their study, published April 23 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, runs the numbers on different options for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the U.S. and finds opportunities where it is not only commercially feasible with existing technology, but profitable.
Plants do the work
The most widely discussed strategy for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere involves growing plants, which absorb CO2, as a first step. Those plants can then be processed to produce energy, and any resulting CO2 emissions from that energy production would be captured and stored underground.
While it seems straightforward, these technologies -- known as bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration, or BECCS -- have not been fully developed and many areas don't have geology that's suitable for storing CO2. What's more, pipelines would need to be built to take CO2 from bioenergy plants to areas suitable for storage. There are also serious questions about how BECCS would scale globally and compete with plants grown for food production or impact ecosystems and biodiversity.
However, the group found that one type of BECCS technology could work immediately for U.S. ethanol producers. What's more, given current and predicted future financial incentives, the approach could even turn a profit.
"We found that between tax credits for CCS and upcoming financial incentives from low-carbon fuel standards, CCS is an untapped financial opportunity for ethanol producers across the U.S.," said Daniel Sanchez, a postdoctoral scholar with the Carnegie Institution for Science and lead author on the paper.
The United States is the largest producer of ethanol in the world, producing 15.8 billion gallons in 2017. Ethanol is made by fermenting biomass such as corn, which produces a high-purity CO2 by-product that is easier and cheaper to capture, compress and inject underground than other emitted sources of CO2. Right now, these emissions are largely vented to the atmosphere in the process of making ethanol.
"Negative emissions at biorefineries is commercially ready and affordable. It offers a compelling way to build the real-world experience we need to develop future BECCS technologies," said Mach.
Financial incentives
The researchers estimate that 60 percent of all CO2 emitted annually through the production of ethanol at the country's 216 biofuel plants (about 1 percent of all CO2 emissions from the U.S.) could be captured at low cost, under $25 per metric ton of CO2.
Further, if credits for captured CO2 were set at $60 per metric ton, it could incentivize sequestration of 30 million metric tons of CO2 each year that are otherwise vented into the atmosphere -- equivalent to emissions from powering 3.2 million homes for one year -- and pay for the construction of 4,300 miles of pipeline infrastructure needed to transport the CO2 for storage at appropriate sites across the country.
These incentives are in line with new tax credits included in the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 signed by the president in February. The bill amended section 45Q of the tax code so that power plants or CO2-emitting facilities are eligible for tax credits for captured CO2 for up to 12 years.
"There are many ways to incentivize and unleash negative emissions technologies, one of which this administration and Congress may have just put into place," said Mach.
Another financial incentive comes in the form of low-carbon fuel standards, such as those implemented in Oregon, California and British Columbia. It works by giving tradeable credits for fuels that exceed the standard and deficits to those who don't.
Right now, accounting for CCS isn't included in the standards, but on April 27, California will consider updating its rules to include new protocols that would quantify the value of carbon removal in the fuel production process. If adopted, fuel producers could collect more credits by selling lower-carbon ethanol in California.
"This is an opportunity not only for biofuel producers to make profits, but also for CCS technology to be more widely piloted and developed. This is an essential first step if we're going to deploy carbon removal at levels necessary to keep dangerous climate change in check," said Sanchez.
Read the original article: Carbon Capture Could Be a Financial Opportunity for US Biofuels
April 17, 2018
By Whitefox Technologies Ltd
Whitefox Technologies, a leading solutions provider for ethanol and other alcohol production processes, is proud to announce Chippewa Valley Ethanol Company is to install a Whitefox ICE membrane dehydration system at its plant in Benson, Minnesota. This is Whitefox’s second agreement this year and its first installation in the state of Minnesota.
Whitefox ICE is recognized as a proven solution to improve molecular sieve and distillation efficiency, helping to reduce energy usage and boost production capacity for the U.S. ethanol industry. The Whitefox ICE system treats existing recycle streams to free up distillation-dehydration capacity, reduce energy by 1,000-2,500 Btu per gallon, cut carbon emissions and cooling demands, and can increase a plant’s capacity by 20 percent or more depending on the system design.
Chad Friese, general manager at Chippewa Valley Ethanol Company, said, “We are enthusiastic about the operational flexibility the Whitefox ICE membrane system will give us to adjust our product demand cycles and growth in certain markets. With the installation of the Whitefox ICE membrane system, we expect to increase our ethanol production capacity by 7.5 million gallons per year, an increase of 15 percent or more. This will increase our margins and overall efficiency both during regular uptime and product changeover cycles.”
Gillian Harrison, Whitefox CEO, said, “We are proud to announce our latest contract for Whitefox ICE bolt-on membrane installations in the U.S. This project with CVEC will be yet another step towards helping ethanol plants to improve their profitability and minimize waste and environmental impact by reducing natural gas, power and cooling water usage while increasing ethanol production. We look forward to announcing additional contracts in the weeks ahead as we continue to grow in the U.S.”
“CVEC is a one-of-a-kind ethanol producer, in terms of process complexity and product flexibility. We look forward to a successful project completion and start-up with this long-time innovator in the ethanol industry,” stated Paul Kamp, Whitefox VP of Business Development.
Whitefox’s Integrated Cartridge Efficiency (Whitefox ICE) is a membrane-based dehydration technology with a small footprint. It enables producers to reduce energy costs and improve carbon intensity (CI) scores, reduce cooling water costs year-round and reduce operation & maintenance costs by simplifying production, all while increasing revenues from additional ethanol capacity. Whitefox ICE can be integrated into existing corn ethanol production plants with minimal disruption. Whitefox’s membrane technology can equally be included as a technology upgrade in new greenfield plants.
Read the original story here: CVEC To Install Whitefox ICE Bolt-On Membrane Dehydration System
April 11, 2018
The Trump administration is considering allowing the sale of a higher ethanol fuel blend in the summer, a source familiar with the issue said, a move that would placate corn growers worried about the future of U.S. biofuels policy.
President Donald Trump recently met with the heads of the Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Agriculture to discuss ways to make the Renewable Fuel Standard less expensive to the oil industry without undercutting demand for ethanol.
The RFS requires refiners to add increasing volumes of biofuels like corn-based ethanol into the nation’s fuel supply each year which is a boon to farmers but a headache for refining companies that must either blend the fuels themselves or purchase credits from those who do.
Trump has tried in vain over the past several months to broker a deal between “Big Oil” and “Big Corn” over the issue, and has faced mounting pressure from lawmakers in the Midwest who are concerned that he will weaken domestic demand for ethanol at a time farmers are already facing a potential trade war with China that could hurt export demand for corn and soybeans.
Sources had told Reuters this week that Trump was temporarily suspending his consideration of a refining industry-backed proposal to cap prices for blending credits, an idea that the biofuels industry has opposed as damaging to farmers.
But in the meantime, the administration is considering moving forward with plans to allow for the ethanol industry’s long sought waiver to sell gasoline containing 15 percent ethanol in the summer, instead of the usual 10 percent blend, the source familiar with the issue told Reuters on Wednesday.
The higher ethanol blend, called E15, is currently banned by the Environmental Protection Agency due to concerns it contributes to smog on hot days, a worry that biofuels advocates say is baseless. If done soon, the waiver could be in effect in time for the 2018 summer driving season.
EPA spokeswoman Liz Bowman did not immediately respond to a request for comment. White House spokeswoman Kelly Love did not comment on the E15 waiver but said that during Trump’s meeting Monday he “instructed his Cabinet to continue to explore options that protect American farmers and America’s refinery workers.”
Biofuels proponents have heaped pressure on the White House after reports that the EPA was granting dozens of small refineries exemptions from the RFS to help them avoid the costs of compliance, something the ethanol industry says will weaken demand for their product.
On Monday, Trump acknowledged farmers may bear the brunt of the economic harm if China retaliates against Washington’s threat of tariffs, noting that “we’ll make it up to them”. Many U.S. farmers are battling debt after years of excess global supplies and depressed prices.
“We need some good news out here,” said Monte Shaw, the Executive Director of the Iowa Renewable Fuels Association.
“The best news (Trump) could give us right now is year-round sales of E15,” he said.
Read the original story here: Trump Administration Weighs High-Ethanol Fuel Waiver To Placate Farmers
April 9, 2018
By Jarrett Renshaw and Chris Prentice
Five Republican senators on Monday called on President Donald Trump to temporarily halt the use of biofuels policy waivers for small oil refineries, after reports the Environmental Protection Agency had issued a recent wave of such exemptions.
The group of lawmakers, which includes Senators Charles Grassley and Joni Ernst of Iowa and John Thune of South Dakota, said the EPA waivers are “undermining” the U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard, a law that requires biofuels like ethanol to be added to the nation’s fuel, which Trump has said he supports.
“We therefore urge you to call on the EPA to cease all RFS waiver action until the agency’s administration of the RFS can proceed in a more transparent and impartial manner,” the senators said in a letter dated April 9.
The request comes as Trump is scheduled to meet with EPA head Scott Pruitt and Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue on the issue later on Monday.
An EPA source told Reuters last week that the agency had issued 25 small refinery exemptions, relieving the plants of their requirements to blend biofuels last year.
Reuters also reported that Andeavor, one of the country’s largest refiners, also received EPA exemptions from the biofuels law for three of its smallest refineries.
In the past, the EPA has issued between six and eight waivers from the RFS per year to small refining operations of less than 75,000 barrels per day that can demonstrate they are struggling financially to comply, according to a former official familiar with the waiver program under past administrations.
But refiners have applied for the waivers in larger numbers after a federal appeals court ruling last year that said the EPA must expand the guidelines for approving them.
They have also been encouraged to apply by the Trump administration’s recent efforts to broker a deal between the oil and corn industries to reduce the costs of the RFS, industry sources said. Those talks have not yielded a deal.
“The EPA is using its small refinery waiver in an unprecedented manner to benefit some of the largest refineries in the nation, including Andeavor, which posted profits of approximately $1.5 billion last year,” the senators wrote.
White House spokeswoman Kelly Love did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
The RFS requires refiners to blend biofuels, or purchase blending credits from other companies - a policy intended to help farmers, and cut pollution and fuel imports.
Read the full letter here.
Read the original story: Senators Ask Trump to Suspend EPA's Use of Biofuel Waivers
March 30, 2018
By Jody Issackson
Highwater Ethanol is applying to increase its ethanol production with the Environmental Protection Agency and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency.
Highwater Ethanol CEO Brian Kletscher said his company hopes to make the best use of equipment and resources to increase shareholder profits. He said the number one reason for increasing production is to produce more renewable fuel for consumers to use in their new flex fuel vehicles. Kletscher also said that will help decrease the country’s dependency on imported crude oil and finished gasoline.
He said the company will consume another 2 million bushels of corn which will be good for the local farmers. Kletscher said that the majority of the grain Highwater uses in its processes comes from a 25-mile radius including farmers and elevators.
“It’s not going to be a huge increase, but as long as margins are profitable, it will be an increase,” Kletscher said. “Anything we can do to increase ROI (return on investment), we owe it to our shareholders to do it.”
The CEO and his staff have calculated that with their current facility and production equipment, they could increase their production form 59.5 million gallons of ethanol per year to 70.2.
“We looked at how much our plant can handle by an engineering review and calculated how much our plant can produce with the current equipment,” Kletscher said Wednesday.
One of the reasons Highwater Ethanol would not have to add equipment or storage to make this leap in production is because the company had already added a 600,000-bushel grain bin which was completed in August of 2017. This brought their storage capacity up to 1.8 million bushels.
The company had also added new computerized systems for handling grain and distillers’ grains.
The increase in production would increase the volume of pollutants, which requires the involvement of the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA requires Highwater Ethanol to monitor its air emissions and calculate how much more will be produced with the increase in production, he said.
“We’ve been working with them since mid-January on this permit and expect to hear back in late summer or early fall,” he said.
The application itself was started in May of 2017 and the EPA was able to start looking at it in January.
“We do a modeling of the project for them,” Kletscher said. “They may require us to measure the emissions. However, we do those already. We anticipate very minimal increase in emissions.”
At the recent annual meeting, Board Chair David Moldan announced fiscal year 2017 (ending Oct. 31) was “another successful year.”
The company took in 20.3 million bushels of corn and sold 59.4 million gallons of ethanol. Kletscher explained Wednesday the company also sells byproducts of its process. Dried distiller grains (DDGs) are sold for swine and poultry feed, while modified distillers grains (MDG) are sold to feed beef cattle.
“They serve as protein and energy sources for livestock,” he said.
Ethanol production for FY 2017 was 200,000 gallons more than the previous year while the corn used was 600,000 bushels less.
“That allows us improved efficiencies, and the potential for a more profitable year is definitely there,” the CEO said.
The net income was just over $3.5 million, an increase from the $522,668 margin in FY 2016, the company reported to its shareholders.
Total sales for last year were $100,225,143. The previous year was just under $99 million. This profit was due in part in the 10 cent per bushel decrease in the cost of corn, going from $3.30 in 2016 to $3.20 in 2017.
Distributions of $345 a unit were paid to shareholders in December for a total distribution of $1,660,657.
Going forward, Kletscher said tariffs on imports could create a problem, but he is optimistic.
“Tariffs could potentially hurt exports,” he said. “We’ve reviewed that any tariff can have an impact on ethanol exports. Currently China has a 30 percent tariff on our exports and has talked about adding an additional 15 percent on top of that. We’re hoping our other foreign markets will pick up and offset the drop to China.”
Kletscher is anticipating the permits to increase ethanol production at Highwater Ethanol to go through by fall and they will be able to meet an increasing demand for the renewable resource as the flex fuel vehicles that use it catch on in the metro areas as well as the rural areas.
Read the original article: Highwater Ethanol Applying for Boosting Production
March 26, 2018
By Erin Voegele
The USDA has released a new report that measures economic growth, job creation and household income from biofuel and bioenergy production, along with future growth in renewable chemicals and biobased products.
The report, titled “Indicators of the U.S. Biobased Economy,” shows that the biobased economy is playing an increasingly important role in the U.S. economy. “Through innovations in renewable energies and the emergence of a new generation of biobased products, the sectors that drive the biobased economy are providing job creation and economic growth,” the report states.
According to the USDA, the report aims to understand and analyze trends in the biobased economy by comparing 2011 and 2016 data.
The data shows significant increases in the production of liquid biofuels, with U.S. ethanol production increasing from 175 million gallons in 1980 to more than 14.7 billion gallons in 2015. The number of ethanol plants reached 199 in 2016, with three facilities under construction and the industry accounting for more than 270,000 U.S. jobs.
Biodiesel production also grew exponentially, increasing from 343 million gallons in 2010 to 1.26 billion gallons in 2015. From 2005 to 2012, soybean use for biodiesel increased from 670 million pounds to 4.1 billion pounds.
The production of solid biofuels has also increased significantly. The report states that “wood pellets manufactured primarily in the Southeastern United States have become an important component of the bioenergy sector.” The U.S has established itself as the world’s largest exporter of wood pellets, with more than 4.6 million metric tons exported in 2016.
Growth has also occurred in the production of renewable chemicals and biobased products. The report states that the number of renewable chemicals and biobased products certified under the USDA’s BioPreferred program has increased from 1,800 in 2014 to 2,900 in 2016. The number of overall biobased products in the U.S. marketplace has increased from approximately 17,000 in 2008 to 40,000 in 2014. An estimated 4.22 million jobs were attributed to the biobased products industry in 2014. In addition, the report estimates the value-added contribution to the U.S. economy from the U.S. biobased products industry was $393 billion in 2014.
The Biotechnology Innovation Organization has spoken out to welcome the report. “The biobased economy is approaching a tipping point in its growth and maturation,” said Brent Erickson, executive vice president of BIO’s Industrial & Environmental Section. “The economic impact is evident.
“BIO calculates that the global economic value of the biobased economy—including industrial biotechnology, renewable chemicals and polymers, biofuels, enzymes and biobased materials—is $355.28 billion,” he continued. “Looking at the new USDA Indicators report and other sources, we estimate that the United States generates 58 percent of the global value of biobased manufacturing, or more than $205 billion. And that economic activity supports employment for 1.66 million U.S. workers.
“The growth of the biobased economy has been supported by good federal policy that strengthens the agricultural sector and rural America,” Erickson said. “For instance, Farm Bill energy title programs have compiled a record of success that deserves to be continued. We look forward to working with USDA and Congress to build on that success and reauthorize the programs.”
A full copy of the report can be downloaded from the USDA website.
Read the original article: USDA Report Shows Impact of US Biobased Economy
LITTLE FALLS, Minn., March 27, 2018 - Green Biologics, Inc. announced that it has agreed to supply their patented GreenFlame® bio-based charcoal lighter fluid formulation exclusively to Kingsford® Charcoal, to be marketed under a new brand: EcoLight™. The licensing agreement builds on the successful 2017 introduction of GreenFlame, a natural USDA BioPreferred® certified, clean-burning charcoal lighter fluid based on Green Biologics' proprietary advanced fermentation process.
Kingsford® EcoLight™ Powered by GreenFlame® charcoal lighter fluid will be available at retailers across the country starting later this month, with intentions for continued expansion throughout 2018 and beyond.
"As the leading charcoal brand and wholly owned subsidiary of The Clorox Company, a champion for sustainability, we found Kingsford to be an excellent partner for the GreenFlame charcoal lighter fluid formulation," said David Anderson, global vice president of marketing, Green Biologics. "Their strong branding, extensive retail presence, and distribution capabilities will quickly introduce a large number of consumers to a high-performance, bio-based alternative to petro-based charcoal lighter fluid. We see this as a critical first step toward an exciting future of renewable product collaborations."
"Working with Green Biologics to introduce this product was a logical addition to our existing line, showcasing Kingsford's commitment to launching products consistent with evolving consumer trends," said Lauren Kahn, director of marketing at Kingsford. "The key to EcoLight's success lies in its superior performance. Unlike other natural charcoal lighter fluids on the market, there are no trade-offs in performance here. EcoLight lights quickly, stays lit and works every time."
About Green Biologics
Green Biologics Ltd (GBL) is a renewable specialty chemicals company based in Abingdon, England with a wholly owned U.S. operating company, Green Biologics Inc., based in Little Falls, Minn. GBL's Clostridium fermentation platform converts a wide range of sustainable feedstocks into high performance green chemicals such as n-butanol, acetone, and through chemical synthesis, derivatives of n-butanol and acetone used by a growing global consumer and industrial products customer base in numerous markets including Coatings, Pharmaceuticals, Personal Care, Consumer Fuels and Cosmetics. The platform combines advanced high productivity fermentation with superior-performing proprietary Clostridium microbial biocatalysts and synthetic chemistry to produce a pipeline of high value renewable specialty chemicals with optimal performance in downstream formulations. For more information, visit www.greenbiologics.com
March 23, 2018
By Mark Steil
There's been a lot of hand-wringing in farm circles about trade with China for the past two years, ever since presidential candidate Donald Trump criticized the Asian economic giant with comments like this: "China is ripping us off like nobody has ever seen," Trump said, on the campaign trail.
But fears over a possible trade war with China moved much closer to reality this week.
Words have become action as now-President Trump announced proposed tariffs on Chinese products sold in the U.S.
Minnesota sells about a billion and a half dollars' worth of agricultural products to China each year — and China's list of proposed tariffs against U.S. products includes several that are important to farmers across the state.
"We're poking the bear if you will," said University of Minnesota grain market economist Ed Usset.
China responded to the U.S. tariff proposal by announcing import taxes of its own. And if the back-and-forth snowballs into a full-scale trade war, many industries could be affected.
Agriculture is a big one.
"There's a lot at stake here for American farmers, Minnesota farmers," said Usset.
China is taking a two-step approach in its retaliatory tariffs.
The first group of U.S. products to be hit includes ethanol, which is threatened with a possible 15 percent Chinese import tax. That worries Minnesota's ethanol CEOs, including Randall Doyal of the Al-Corn Clean Fuel ethanol plant in Claremont.
"We are depending on being able to export our production to the world," Doyal said.
China is a part of that overseas market. It has enacted ethanol tariffs in the past, so U.S. sales there have been up and down.
But as recently as 2016, sales to China accounted for about 20 percent of U.S. ethanol exports.
Doyal said if China follows through on its tariff threat, it will hurt U.S. sales there. And that will hurt Minnesota farmers who sell corn to ethanol plants around the state. Doyal also worries that a sour export market will hurt his plant.
"It certainly will put a damper on us," he said. "We're coming out of an expansion, we've got a lot of debt. And I don't like the thought that we're looking at markets that are going to be returning less."
State pork producers are looking at a similar scenario.
Pork is in the second group of products facing a 25 percent tariff if the U.S.-China trade dispute escalates. China is the second-largest market for U.S. pork. Minnesota Pork Producers Association President Greg Boerboom said hog farmers in Minnesota and across the country will feel the impact of a trade war.
"If something happened that we would lose the China market, which is our No. 2 market, that'd be a devastating impact on both hog producers and the rural economy," said Boerboom.
But Boerboom, a self-described optimist, still believes the two nations can pull back from the brink, and avoid an escalating series of trade barriers and taxes that could hurt both countries.
"Nothing has been finalized yet," said Boerboom. "It's still a threat on both sides. So we're hoping that they can negotiate and actually resolve the situation before any tariffs or retaliation would take place."
That would also be very good news for Minnesota's soybean farmers — China has not yet proposed a soybean tariff. But if the trade fight expands and soybeans are pulled into the retaliatory actions, Minnesota farmers would take their biggest hit of all: Soybeans are Minnesota's top farm export — and China is the state's biggest customer.
Read the original story: Minnesota Ag Has Much to Lose in U.S.-China Trade Spat
More...
March 20, 2018
By Enerkem
Enerkem Inc., a world-leading waste-to-biofuels and chemicals producer, announced today during the 255th American Chemical Society national meeting being held in New Orleans, that it had succeeded in producing a new high-performance biofuel that could improve the octane rating of fuels sold on the market and reduce their carbon footprint.
The chemical engineering expertise at Enerkem's Innovation Centre in Westbury, Quebec, allowed the company to successfully develop a process that uses its proprietary waste-to-biofuel technology to produce a new biofuel with a Research Octane Number (RON) of up to 112. This is 20 points higher than the average octane rating found in regular motor gasoline. By using bio-dimethyl ether (Bio-DME), a product derived from Enerkem's biomethanol, combined with a DME-to-high-octane-gasoline catalyst developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in the United States, the Enerkem-NREL team were the first to demonstrate at pilot scale the production of an alternative fuel rich in paraffins.
"It's a major breakthrough that could enable the development of a new non-oxygenated biofuel made from waste on a commercial scale," explained Stéphane Marie-Rose, Director of Enerkem's Innovation Centre. "Through the very selective catalytic reaction achieved using our waste-to-biofuels process, we have formed paraffinic molecules, such as triptane, whose properties already contain a high-octane rating, thereby increasing the volume of paraffins when used as an additive in a conventional fuel."
In addition to the various environmental and economic upsides, there are many possible applications for a high-octane biofuel derived from Enerkem's bio-DME. The non-oxygenated additive could serve the specialized fuels market, such as the aviation gasoline and professional motorsport sector. As with the biomethanol and advanced ethanol produced today at commercial scale by Enerkem, this new biofuel allows better combustion, replaces fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.
Enerkem's Innovation Centre intends to build on this technological advancement by further developing and optimizing the process as well as evaluating the potential commercial applications in the coming months.
About Enerkem
Enerkem produces advanced biofuels and renewable chemicals from waste. Its disruptive proprietary technology converts non-recyclable, non-compostable municipal solid waste into methanol, ethanol and other widely-used chemicals. Headquartered in Montreal (QC), Canada, Enerkem operates a full-scale commercial facility in Alberta as well as an innovation centre in Quebec. Enerkem's facilities are built as prefabricated systems based on the company's modular manufacturing infrastructure that can be deployed globally. Enerkem's technology is a prime example of how a true circular economy can be achieved by diversifying the energy mix and by making everyday products greener while offering a smart, sustainable alternative to landfilling and incineration.
Read the original article: Enerkem Makes a Major Breakthrough by Producing a New High-Octane Biofuel
March 17, 2018
By Noah Fish
The first bushels of corn were delivered to the new system at the Al-Corn Clean Fuel ethanol plant last week, signaling that completion of its $146 million expansion and modernization project is right around the corner.
Al-Corn CEO Randall Doyal said construction is slated to wrap up the first week of April, and the system should be functional later that week. Construction on the project began in December 2016 and was originally expected to end this July. Doyal attributed the swift work to good collaboration by personnel.
“To get done the first week in April, that’s phenomenal,” said Doyal, who credited McGough Construction for instituting a system that has subcontractors and plant staff working effectively together.
The expansion will increase annual ethanol production by the Claremont-based cooperative from 50 million gallons to 120 million gallons by early this year, making it one of the state’s top producers in the industry. The plant will also increase its annual throughput of corn from 17.5 million bushels to 47 million bushels. Doyal said the move is in line with the cooperative’s proactive history of trying to stay relevant in a wavering industry.
“In any business that’s commoditized, you want low-cost producers, because that’s how you weather the storms that come with all cycles of business,” said Doyal. “You want to be in that top tier, and the folks that continue to operate when others are forced to stop production because of financial circumstances.”
The farmer-owned ethanol production cooperative was formed in 1994 as a way for local farmers to add value to their corn crop. Annually, the plant turns out 132,000 tons of livestock feed, 12 million pounds of corn oil and 70,000 tons of beverage grade carbon dioxide, according to the cooperative’s website.
The expansion consists of new additions as well as the modification of some existing equipment at the plant. Additional fermenters have been added, and the fermentation scrubber has been expanded to operate at twice the water and gas flow rate of the previous unit.
Other updates include new distillation and vaporization vessels and a Combined Heat Power unit, which will be capable of generating up to 40 percent of Al-Corn’s power. The plant also expanded its rail capacity, which Doyal said will allow Al-Corn to reach new markets. The upgraded Al-Corn facility covers 200 acres altogether.
On March 7, three of the original Al-Corn board members — Lyle Kuhlmann, Lyle Borgschatz and Orlo Toquam took part in delivering the first bushels into the new machinery. All three were joined by their sons, who now serve on the board.
“That was really kind of cool,” Doyal said of the ceremonious testing. “And in one case, the person actually driving the truck was a grandson of an original board member. Really just a neat, multigenerational impact we got to see there.”
Read the original article: Expanded Ethanol Plant Boosts Production
March 19, 2018
Press Release
A prototype of the world's first hybrid flexible-fuel vehicle (Hybrid FFV), debuted in an event Toyota held today in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Stakeholders including the state government, universities, and the sugarcane association (the Sugarcane Industry Union: UNICA) attended the event. The prototype is the combination of a flexible-fuel vehicle (FFV) that can be powered by both gasoline and alternative fuels such as ethanol, and Toyota's famous hybrid system which combines a combustion engine and an electrical powertrain.
Hybrid FFV is a new powertrain system that Toyota is developing with an aim to popularize Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Brazil and contribute to the environment through reduction of CO2 emissions. Hybrid FFV has the potential to drastically reduce total CO2 emissions as it is built on Toyota's hybrid system that has high energy efficiency and low emission levels and it also leverages the CO2 reabsorption capacity of ethanol, a plant-derived 100% renewable fuel. The prototype uses the Toyota Prius as a base model, which is currently sold and becoming popular in Brazil.
Toyota's initial studies indicate that Hybrid FFV has a great advantage in environmental performance compared to a standard FFV, when we estimate CO2 emissions starting with the extraction of the raw material, through its distribution at the fuel pumps to the ignition in the combustion process of the car. If it is fueled only by sugarcane-based ethanol (E100 fuel), the results are even better.
The development of Hybrid FFV represents one of Toyota's efforts to achieve its "Environmental Challenge 2050" where it challenges itself to reduce vehicle CO2 emissions by 90% in comparison with 2010 levels, by 2050. Another objective of the Environmental Challenge is to completely eliminate CO2 emissions from the vehicle lifecycle, including materials, parts and manufacturing. In line with that goal, Toyota also targets to have more than 5.5 million electrified vehicles in its global new vehicle sales by 2030.
"I am very proud of our Toyota do Brasil engineers that worked closely with our engineers in Japan to develop the world's cleanest hybrid vehicle that uses ethanol for our Brazilian customers. The invention demonstrates our journey in providing a new mobility society," said Steve St. Angelo, Senior Managing Officer of Toyota Motor Corporation serving as CEO of Toyota Latin America Region and Caribbean, as well as Chairman of Toyota do Brasil.
Toward the commercialization of Hybrid FFV in Brazil, Toyota will collect various data through real-world road testing in Brazil going forward and evaluate the system's reliability, durability, and powertrain performance.
Read the original press release: Toyota Reveals World-First Flexible Fuel Hybrid Prototype in Brazil
March 13, 2018
Press Release
U.S. Senator Tina Smith is calling on the White House to support Minnesota’s rural communities and American energy independence by maintaining a strong Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), the federal program that sets the level of biofuels—like ethanol and biodiesel—that are blended into our nation’s fuel supply.
After a series of postponed meetings between the White House and U.S. biofuel producers—sparking fears that there may be an attempt to weaken the RFS—Sen. Smith is urging the Administration’s top energy officials to come together with renewable energy leaders and discuss how to preserve and protect the program.
“I fought for a spot on the Senate Agriculture Committee because I want to do my part to help Minnesota’s ag economy grow—and because I want to see our rural communities, farmers, clean energy producers, and agribusinesses thrive,” said Sen. Smith. “We can’t make that a reality without a strong Renewable Fuel Standard. The RFS supports thousands of local jobs and helps lead to billions of dollars in economic activity, it cuts our dependence on foreign oil, and it helps reduce the environmental impact of energy. I strongly urge the White House to get on board with championing the RFS—our family farmers and clean energy producers depend on this critical program.”
Read the original press release: Sen. Tina Smith Stands up for Minnesota Jobs & American Energy Independence, Presses White House to Preserve Strong Renewable Fuel Standard
March 7, 2018
By U.S. Energy Information Administration
Estimated ethanol production margins at U.S. corn ethanol plants averaged 22 cents per gallon (gal) in 2017. Last year was the fifth consecutive year that margins have averaged more than 20 cents/gal, which has helped drive consistent ethanol production growth over that period. U.S. ethanol production averaged an estimated 1,032 thousand barrels per day (b/d) in 2017, marking a fifth consecutive record level of annual production.
Increases in ethanol supply have outpaced increases in domestic demand in 2017, which have contributed to relatively low spot prices and margins that are about 20 cents/gal lower than the previous four-year average but still largely in line with levels in the previous two years.
Ethanol producer margins are estimated by EIA for a dry mill corn ethanol plant of average capacity located in the Midwest, a region that is home to more than 90 percent of domestic fuel ethanol production capacity. EIA estimates these margins by taking the sum of revenue generated from the sale of ethanol and co-products, such as distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and corn oil, and subtracting variable and fixed costs. Variable costs include expenses such as the cost of corn and natural gas, along with a fixed operating cost of 35 cents/gal.
The price of corn is the largest variable cost associated with a dry mill corn ethanol plant, and profits are generally highest when corn supply is plentiful and demand for ethanol gasoline blending is high. U.S. corn production has been at record high levels in recent years, which has kept corn prices generally stable, ranging between $3.40 and $4.00 per bushel since 2015. A period of drought in 2012 and 2013 led to corn prices greater than $8.00 per bushel, resulting in one of the least profitable periods for ethanol operators.
In the United States, ethanol is primarily used as a blending component in the production of motor gasoline and mainly blended in volumes up to 10 percent ethanol, known as E10. Ethanol demand is highly dependent on motor gasoline consumption, and ethanol production has been driven higher in recent years because of the Renewable Fuel Standard, the program administered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency that mandates the blending of biofuels into the nation’s fuel supply. Although demand for higher ethanol blends such as E15 and E85 remains limited, low ethanol prices and increasing RFS targets have created favorable blending conditions for these higher ethanol blends.
For most of 2017 and the first two months of 2018, ethanol production, net inputs, and inventory levels have been near or above average levels in the previous five years (2012–2016). During December 2017, fuel ethanol production set a four-week record high, averaging 1.09 million b/d, while ethanol blending into gasoline, measured by net inputs, was nearly unchanged from the previous year. Despite record-high domestic gasoline demand and record-high ethanol exports in 2017, ethanol production exceeded consumption, which led to end-of-2017 inventories that were four million barrels higher than at the end of 2016.
In its latest Short-Term Energy Outlook, EIA forecasts that continued growth in ethanol production and limited export growth through 2019 will lead to increases in domestic consumption of ethanol by way of limited higher-level ethanol blend growth beyond E10. U.S. ethanol consumption, which increased by 1 percent in 2017, is expected to increase by an average of 1 percent through 2019, resulting in an estimated ethanol blend percentage of gasoline that increases from slightly more than 10.1 percent in 2017 to about 10.3 percent by 2019.
Read the original article: Positive US Ethanol Margins are Driving Ethanol Production Growth
March 1, 2018
By Emily Druckman
A new analysis issued by University of Illinois economist Scott Irwin finds that the impact of a 10-cent cap on RIN prices, as proposed by Texas Sen. Ted Cruz, would be “catastrophic” for the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) and “would have large impacts on biofuels in the U.S.” Specifically, such a price cap would serve as the mortar in the oil industry’s attempt to rebuild the “blend wall.” Irwin finds that “…the RINs price cap would remove all incentives for blending E15 and E85” and would be equivalent to “waiving…the conventional ethanol mandate down to the level of the E10 blend wall.”
Meanwhile, the analysis finds that if “…ethanol usage could be pushed up just a few hundred million gallons, …D6 [conventional biofuel RIN] prices would naturally fall to just a few cents. An RVP waiver for E15 might just do the trick.” Still, Irwin finds that the biofuel and agricultural industries would be the losers in any “deal” that exchanges an E15 RVP waiver for a 10-cent RIN price cap. “Agricultural and biofuels interests will find this tradeoff distinctly unappealing, while refining interests will tend to have just the opposite reaction,” he said.
Addressing the myth that RIN prices can somehow be capped without destroying the efficacy of the RFS program, Irwin writes, “…the RINs price and the mandate level are directly related–one cannot be changed without changing the other. Stated differently, reductions in the volume mandates will reduce the RINs price, or reductions in the RINs price will reduce the volume produced, effectively reducing the mandate.”
Reacting to the new analysis, Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) President and CEO Bob Dinneen said, “This study confirms that a demand-destroying 10-cent RIN price cap is absolutely the wrong policy for agriculture and consumers. We agree with Prof. Irwin that such a cap on RIN prices would be disastrous for the RFS and for jobs in the agricultural and manufacturing sectors. As we have stated repeatedly, and as this study underscores, the quickest way to lower RIN prices is to establish RVP parity for E15. That is the only ‘win-win’ solution that upholds the spirit and intent of the RFS and at the same time takes pressure off of RIN prices. We hope the administration closely examines this new analysis as it hosts ongoing discussions on this issue.”
The new analysis is available here.
Read the original release: University of Illinois Analysis: 10-Cent RIN Price Cap Would be ‘Catastrophic’ for Renewable Fuels
Bloomberg
March 1, 2018
By Jennifer A Dlouhy and Mario Parker
President Donald Trump found out how difficult it is to bridge the competing interests of ethanol producers and oil refiners as a third White House biofuel meeting in four days ended with no agreement on how to change U.S. policies.
Trump has been trying to address complaints from refiners who say the U.S. biofuel mandate -- the Renewable Fuel Standard -- is too costly, without alienating another key constituency: corn farmers and ethanol producers who helped elect him president.
Each side was represented in a one-hour discussion on Thursday, but they left with no breakthrough -- only a commitment to keep talking and the parameters of a potential solution, said three people familiar with the talks who asked not to be named to describe the meeting, which was closed to the press.
Participants discussed a possible policy change that would effectively cap the price of the compliance credits refiners use to prove they have fulfilled annual biofuel quotas, in exchange for an environmental waiver to allow year-round sales of E15 gasoline, containing 15 percent ethanol.
Waiver Credits
Compliance credits tracking 2018 ethanol targets plunged 13 percent to 55 cents each after the meeting, according to broker data compiled by Bloomberg.
Trump floated the idea of the Environmental Protection Agency selling ethanol waiver credits for two years at 10 cents in exchange for the E15 policy change that could expand the domestic market for ethanol.
Senator Chuck Grassley, a Republican from Iowa, the top U.S. corn growing and ethanol-producing state, tweeted after the meeting about what he called an “emerging solution.”
A “true win-win” is selling E15 year-round, a change that would lower refiners’ compliance costs while also helping farmers squeezed by low corn prices, Grassley said on Twitter.
Participants in Thursday’s gathering included the same Republican senators who met with Trump on the issue Tuesday: Ted Cruz of Texas, Pat Toomey of Pennsylvania, and Grassley and Joni Ernst of Iowa.
Economic Impacts Debated
But the focus was on 11 industry representatives who came to spell out the economic consequences of potential biofuel policy changes, including the chief executives of biofuel producers Poet, Green Plains Inc. and Renewable Energy Group Inc. and oil refiners Valero Energy Corp., PBF Energy Inc. and Delta Air Lines Inc.’s Monroe Energy LLC.
Bill Horan, a farmer with Western Iowa Energy LLC, and United Steelworkers President Ryan O’Callaghan also participated.
Tom Nimbley, chief executive of New Jersey-based refiner PBF Energy Inc., termed the conversation “productive.”
“We will continue to work with the president, senators and all stakeholders that can provide important reforms that are a win for farmers and a win for union refinery workers,” Nimbley said in an emailed statement.
But Jeff Broin, chief executive of ethanol producer Poet LLC, who also participated in Thursday’s gathering, said “nothing new was discussed.”
Jobs Imperiled?
“Removing accountability from oil companies would deprive millions of Americans the freedom to choose less expensive, homegrown biofuels and imperil countless jobs and family farms across America’s heartland,” Broin said in an emailed statement. “This issue will continue to play out. We will protect interests of this industry, farmers and consumers.”
Refiners’ concerns generally center around the compliance credits, known as renewable identification numbers, or RINs, that they use to prove they have satisfied annual biofuel quotas.
Administration officials have been considering a menu of possible changes the EPA could make without Congressional action to lower the cost of those RINs and expand the market for ethanol.
The conflict over the 13-year-old RFS that mandates biofuel use at a certain level began long before Trump moved into the White House, and it’s among the most intractable energy policy disputes in Washington. Federal law enshrines biofuel targets through 2022, but after that the EPA has more latitude to set annual quotas and shift its approach.
“Nothing will change until there is a sense of risk about what might happen after 2022,” said Mike McKenna, a Republican energy strategist. “For most on the Democratic side, this eventually becomes an electric vehicle mandate if they’re in charge. For most on the Republican side, the program should zero out in 2022.”
Trump asked for another meeting on the issue next week and told participants he wanted to see studies on the economic effects of potential policy changes.
Read the original story: Third White House Biofuel Summit This Week Ends Without Deal
March 1, 2018
Press Release
WASHINGTON – U.S. Sen. Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) today issued the following statement on EPA’s official position, restated as recently as November 2017 that, “high RIN prices do not cause significant harm to refiners.” Grassley also commented on a previously unreleased letter that he, along with Sens. John Thune (R-S.D.), Roy Blunt (R-Mo.), Deb Fischer (R-Neb.) and Joni Ernst (R-Iowa), wrote in January 2018 asking EPA about its previous assessments that RIN prices do not affect the success of refiners. EPA has yet to respond to the senators’ letter, despite numerous staff follow-ups.
“We are told that action needs to be taken to lower RIN prices to help refiners. But under both Democratic and Republican administrations, EPA has found that RIN prices don’t affect whether refiners are successful or not,” Grassley said. “That was true of President Obama’s EPA and it’s true of President Trump’s EPA. Several of my colleagues and I asked EPA about this in light of calls to make changes to the RFS, but we’ve yet to receive a response. I’m always willing to engage in good faith discussions on any issue, but the facts need to be on the table. Changing the RFS based on misinformation and baseless arguments isn’t fair to the thousands of farmers and workers throughout rural America whose livelihoods would be harmed if the RFS were undermined.”
The EPA in November 2017 found (p. 198), “After reviewing the available data, EPA has concluded that refiners are generally able to recover the cost of RINs in the prices they receive for their refined products, and therefore high RIN prices do not cause significant harm to refiners.” In May 2015, EPA found (p. 22), “the obligated parties were generally able to recover this increase in the cost of meeting their RIN obligations in the price they received for their petroleum-based products in 2013.”
The full letter from the senators is available below and can also be found here.
January 11, 2018
The Honorable E. Scott Pruitt, Administrator
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
William Jefferson Clinton Building
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W.
Washington, DC 20460
Dear Administrator Pruitt,
As you are aware, we have been asked to participate in discussions with our Senate colleagues regarding the Renewable Fuel Standard. Specifically, our colleagues are working to construct policy options that would lower RIN prices for certain fuel refiners. In an effort to fully understand the perceived problem that we are being asked to address, it would be useful to have clarification from the Environmental Protection Agency on a number of topics to better understand the issues being discussed. We would respectfully request your help in addressing the following questions.
-In November, EPA wrote “After reviewing the available data, EPA has concluded that refiners are generally able to recover the cost of RINs in the prices they receive for their refined products, and therefore high RIN prices do not cause significant harm to refiners.”[1] Has EPA’s view on this subject changed?
-EPA has also stated that “Merchant refiners, who largely purchase separated RINs to meet their RFS obligations, should not therefore be disadvantaged by higher RIN prices, as they are recovering these costs in the sale price of their products.”[2] Does EPA still maintain this view on the effect of RINs on merchant refiners? If not, what has changed?
-A November analysis by Wells Fargo concluded that “…bottom line performance appears positive for most of the Independent Refiners across our coverage universe as the vast majority of the cost of RINs is embedded in the crack spread.” The report also noted that RINs provide a “financial incentive to ‘build out’ wholesale infrastructure.” Does EPA agree with those conclusions?
-The RFS allows obligated parties to fulfill their volume obligations by either blending renewable fuel or purchasing RINs. Is it accurate that obligated parties have an alternative other than purchasing RIN credits? Could merchant refiners increase their ability to blend renewable fuels to comply with the RFS? Is EPA aware of any obstacles preventing any of the merchant refiners from blending physical gallons of biofuels to meet their obligation?
-Many obligated parties have made substantial, long-term investments in renewable fuel blending facilities to meet RFS obligations. Have the refiners who claim to be severely negatively impacted by RIN prices chosen to make similar investments? If so, in what way? If not, why not?
-Does EPA have any data that would demonstrate a relationship between RIN prices and quarterly operating income for these certain refiners?
-EPA determined that the RFS and RINs are not causing significant harm to refiners.[3] What are the market factors that primarily affect the financial performance of oil refiners?
-How do refining margins and financial performance differ geographically? What unique factors contribute to regional variations in refining margins in the Northeast, Gulf Coast, Midwest, Rocky Mountain region, and West Coast?
-EPA analysis revealed that “the discounting of renewable fuels enabled by the sale of the RINs, and the higher petroleum prices that result from the cost of purchasing RINs, are expected to offset each other, resulting in the RIN price having no net impact across the entire fuel pool.”[4] In other words, RINs have no impact on retail prices for standard E10 gasoline. Economists from Harvard University, MIT, Iowa State University, and other institutions have come to similar conclusions. Does EPA still maintain the view that RINs have no net impact on E10 gasoline retail prices? If not, what has changed?
-EPA analysis shows that “[h]igh RIN prices are expected to reduce the price of fuel blends that contain a higher percentage of renewable fuels, such as E85...” In turn, EPA found that consumption of E85 increases as RIN prices increase and E85 prices decrease relative to gasoline.[5] Would a price cap on RINs discourage increased renewable fuel consumption?
-Does EPA believe capping RIN prices would reduce or eliminate the economic incentive to expand consumption of fuel blends with higher renewable content, like E15, E85, and B20? Would a price cap on RINs make it more difficult for the marketplace to achieve the statutory renewable blending volumes?
Thank you for your assistance in clarifying these matters.
Sincerely,
Sen. Charles Grassley
Sen. John Thune
Sen. Roy Blunt
Sen. Deb Fischer
Sen. Joni Ernst
Read the original release: EPA Unresponsive to Senators’ Letter on Agency Position on RIN Prices